walls

The function of wall is to enclose and protect a building or to divide space within a building.

The functional requirement of a wall are :

1. wall
2. stability
3. Durability
4. Resistance to ground moisture
5. Resistance to wheather
6. Fire resistance (30 minute )
7. Thermal insulation
8. Sound insulation
9. Security
10. Aesthetics

Types of wall
Some of the most popular materials that are used for walls are :

• Stone , both natural and artificial stone
• Bricks , blocks , primarily of clay or concrete
• Timber , used as a cladding and also in a structural capacity
• Concrete , used in decorative and structural capacity
• Steel , used primarily in a structural capacity
• Glass , used as a rainscreen and also in a structural capacity
• Basically , there are 2 major types of walling system , namely solid and frame walls
• Membrane wall is another type of wall which is less popular
• Solid wall has been the most common type of walls being used in Malaysia .
• Solid wall is made by brick , stone or concrete whereas frame wall consist of small secction of timber , metal or concrete.
  

walls

A wall is a continuous , usually vertical structure of brick , block , stone , concrete , timber or metal , thin in proportion to its length and height , which encloses and protects a buildings or serves to divide buildings into compartments or rooms

walls are described as external or internal to differentiate functional requirements , and as loadbearing or non-loadbearing to differentiate structural requirement,

• External wall are those that enclose and protect a building.
• Internal wall are those that divide buildings into compaetments or rooms
• Load bearing walls are those that carry loads from floors and roofs , in addition to their own weight.
• Non-load bearing walls are those that carry olny their own weight and freestanding .
• Partition is generally used to describe a non-loadbearing internal dividing wall.

physical considerations

1. Natural contours of land
2. Natural vegetation and trees
3. Size of land and /or proposed buildings
4. Shape of land and /or proposed buildings
5. Approach and access roads and footpaths
6. Service available
7. Natural waterways , lakes and ponds
8. Restrictions such as rights of way ; tree preservation and ancient buildings
9. Climatic conditions created by surrounding properties , land or activities
10. Proposed future developments

Example

1. Split level construction to form economic shape
2. Shape determine by existing trees
3. Plateau or high ground solution giving dry site conditions on sloping sites
4. Stepped elevation or similar treatment to blend with the natural enviroment

physical considerations

environmental consideration

examples

1. Entrance bethrooms studio
2. Dining and kitchen areas
3. Rest areas lounge
4. studios laboratories art rooms
5. handicraft rooms
6. workshops
7. library
8. classrooms
9. staff rooms offices
10. operating theatres
11. wards
12. solariumds and offices
13. workshops
14. machine shops
15. storage areas
16. light assembly work and similar activities offices
17. Oreintation aspectr

environmental considerations

1. Planning requirement
2. Building Regulations
3. Land restrictions by vendor or lessor
4. Avalability of services
5. Local amenities including transport
6. subsoil conditions
7. levels and topographs of land
8. Adjoining buildings or land
9. Use of buildings
10. Daylight and view aspects

Building enviroment

environment+surroundings which can be natural , man-made or a combination of these

Built Environment= Created by man with or without the aid of the natural environment

Natural enviroment

1. Grasses and wild flowers
2. decidous and coniferous trees
3. shrubs and bushes
4. rick out craps
5. waterways and lakes

Man built environment external

1. Buildings
2. retaining walls
3. paved areas
4. rockeries
5. planted areas
6. pools and ponds
7. trees and shrubs

Element of the built environment (internal )

1. artificial light
2. daylight , ventilation and vision out
3. indoor plant cultivation
4. internal space heating
5. circulation space
6. furniture
7. Texture and colour of internal finishes