block and blockwork

• A block can be defined as a walling unit exceeding the BS dimensions specified for bricks , and its height should not exceed either its length or six times it thickness
  
• BUilding blocks are made of clay or concrete
• Extensively used for both loadbearing and non-loadbearing walls , externally and internally .
  

english bond

• A 1/2B thick wall , finished fairface both sides and showing English bond both sides , requires considerably less cutting of bricks to compltete the bond
• It is olny necessary to cut closers and three quarter length bricks to complete the bond at angles and stop ends

bonding at angles or jambs

At the end of a wall at a stop end , at an angle or quoin and at jambs of openings , the bonding of brick has to be finished up to a vertical angle

• To complete the bond , a brick 1/4 wide has to be used to close or complete the bond of the 1/4 overlap of face brickwork
• A brick , cut in half along its length , is used to close the bond at angle . THis cut brick is termed a queeen closer.
• If the narrow width queen closer were laid at the angle , it might be displaced during bricklaying
• TO avoid this possibility , the closer is laid next to a header
• THe rule is that a closer is laid next to quoin ( corner ) header.
• Walls 1 1/2 B thick may be used for susbstantial walling for laggrer buildings where the walling is finished fairface both sides
  
• Fairface describes a brick wall finished with a reasonably flat and level face for the sake of appearance
  
• TO complete the bond of a solid wall 1 1/2B thick in Double Flemish bond , it is necessary to use cut half brick in the thickness of the wall
  
• At angles and stop ends of a wall , queen closer are laid next to quoin headers and a three quater length cut brick is used .
• Cutting half-length ( 1/2 bats ) and three quater brick and closers is time consuming and wasteful .

types of bonding

5.single felmish bond

• A combination of english and flemish bonds . having flemish bond on the front face with a backing of english bond
• It is considered to be slightly stonger than flemish bond
• The thinnest wall that can be buit using this bond is a 1 1/2B wall

6. Garden wall bonds

• Garden wall bonds are designed specifically to reduce the number through headers to minimise the labour in selecting bricks of rougly the same length or use as headers
• Usual garden wall bonds are :

-english garden wall bond consists of three courses of strectjers to one course of header
-Flemish garen wall bond consist of one header to every three strecther in every course

• THe reduction in the number of through header does to an extent weaken the through bond of the brickwork
• OTher combination such as two or four strecther to one header may be used
  

types of brickwork bonding

3. english bond

• A very strong bond consisting of alternate courses of header and strecthers with a header face lying directly over the centre of a strecther face below
• English bond avoids the repetition of header faces in each course
• THe colour of header faces may differ from the colour of strecther faces
• In english bond , this difference of colour is shown in succesice horizontal courses

4.FLemish bond

• This bond is sometimes reffered to as double-flemish bond
• Each course consists of alternate headers and strecthers
• THe bond is laid in which header faces lie directly above and below a strecther face .
• This bond requires fewer facing bricks than english bond
• This bond is generaly considered the most attractive bond for facing brickwork because of the variety of shades of colour between header and strecther faces dispersed over the whole face of the building
  
• ITs appearance is considered to be better than english bond , but it is not quite so strong
  

Types of brickwork bonding

It has been practice for some time to describe the thickness of a wall by t he length of a brick example 1/2B . 1B , or 1and 1/2B wall

strecher bond ( 1/2B thick wall )

• Consists of all strecthers in every course
• The bricks are laid with the vertical joints between bricks lying directly under and over the centre of the bricks in the courses under and over .
• It is used for 1/2B walls and the 1/2B skins of cavity walls
• At the intersection of two 1/2B walls at corners or angles and at the jambs , sides f openings , the bricks are laid so that a header face showns in every other course to complete the bond
  
• THe appearance of a wall laid in strecther bond may look momotonous because of the mass of stretcher faces showing

Header bond ( 1B thick wall )

• A solid wall 1B thick may be bonded with every brick showing a header face with each header face lying directly over two header faces below
• This bond is little used as the great number of vertical joints and header faces is generally considered unatteactive.
  

brickwork terminology

• Strecther is a masonry unit laid horizontally with the longer edge exposed or parallel to the surface
• Header is a masonry unit laid horizontally with the shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface
• Solder is a brick laid vertically with the longer edge face exposed
• Course is a continuous horizontal range of masonry units
• Bed joints is the horizontal joint between two masonry courses . THe term bed may refer to the underside of a masonry unit , or to the layer of mortar in which a masonry unit is laid
  
• Head joint is the vertical joint between two masonry units , perpendicular to the face of a wall